Answer to Question 1
Savanna Redding, was a 13-year-old eighth-grade honors student at Safford Middle School. In 2003 she was taken out of class by the school's vice principal. It seems that one of Redding's classmates had been caught possessing prescription-strength ibuprofen (400 mg) and when asked where she got the pills blamed Redding, who had no history of disciplinary issues or drug abuse.
Savanna claimed that she had no knowledge of the pills. She was subjected to a strip-search by the school nurse and another female employee because the school has a zero-tolerance policy for all over-the-counter medication.
During the search, Savanna was forced to strip to her underwear and her bra and underpants were pulled away from her body. No drugs were found. Redding later told authorities The strip search was the most humiliating experience I have ever had. I held my head down so that they could not see that I was about to cry.
After a trial court ruled that the search was legal, Savanna sought help from the American Civil Liberties Union whose attorney's brought an appeal before the 9th Circuit Court.
Here the judges ruled that the search was traumatizing and illegal, stating that Common sense informs us that directing a 13-year-old girl to remove her clothes, partially revealing her breasts and pelvic area, for allegedly possessing ibuprofen ... was excessively intrusive. It further went on to say that The overzealousness of school administrators in efforts to protect students has the tragic impact of traumatizing those they claim to serve. And all this to find prescription-strength ibuprofen.
Rather than let the appellate court decision stand, the school district appealed the case to the US Supreme Court, complaining that restrictions on conducting student searches would cast a roadblock to the kind of swift and effective response that is too often needed to protect the very safety of students, particularly from the threats posed by drugs and weapons.
In 2009 the Supreme Court held that Savanna's Fourth Amendment rights were violated by the search. Justice Souter wrote for the majority; the Court agreed that search measures used by school officials to root out contraband must be reasonably related to the objectives of the search and not excessively intrusive in light of the age and sex of the student and the nature of the infraction. In Savanna's case, school officials did not have sufficient suspicion to extending the search to her underwear.
In a separate opinion, Justice Stevens agreed that the strip search was unconstitutional and that the school administrators should be held personally liable for damages: t does not require a constitutional scholar to conclude that a nude search of a 13-year old child is an invasion of constitutional rights of some magnitude.
Justice Thomas disagreed with the main finding. Thomas concluded that the judiciary should not meddle with decisions of school administrators that are intended to be in the interest of school safety.
Student views will vary.
Answer to Question 2
Beijing Rules