Answer to Question 1
Answer: Labeling theory assumes that an arrest, conviction, or other criminal label produces several consequences that often lead someone to commit additional deviance. The applied label can then become a self-fulfilling prophecy. In addition, other factors, such as gender or economic level, impact the chances of officially becoming labeled.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: The left realists insist that crime causes real distress, not only for the poor and people of color, but also for women victimized by rape and family violence. Given this reality, left realists say, crime prevention and control are essential. Peacemaking criminology views crime as just one of the many forms of suffering that characterize human existence.
Objective: List the four areas addressed by feminist work in criminology.