Answer to Question 1
A person with oropharyngeal dysphagia has difficulty transferring food from the mouth and pharynx to the esophagus. The condition is typically due to a neuromuscular disorder that inhibits the swallowing reflex or impairs the strength or coordination of the muscles involved with swallowing. Symptoms include an inability to initiate swallowing, coughing during or after swallowing (due to aspiration), and nasal regurgitation. Other signs include a gurgling noise after swallowing, a hoarse or wet voice, or a speech disorder.
Answer to Question 2
E