Answer to Question 1
Though glutamine is a non-essential amino acid, the body's synthesis rate cannot meet the increased needs during the stress of critical illness. Glutamine has thus been recommended for burn, trauma, and ICU patients. Most specialized formulas provide 0.30.4 g/kg/day of glutamine, and glutamine can be added to an enteral formula that does not already contain it. Glutamine can also be supplemented parenterally and a recent review suggests that this route of supplementation may produce more consistent positive results. Glutamine is the preferred fuel for the enterocytes and assists in maintaining intestinal membrane permeability. Additionally, glutamine supports immune cell growth, reduces levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and is a precursor to the antioxidant glutathione.
Answer to Question 2
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