Answer to Question 1
Immunosuppressant medications such as corticosteroids, cyclosporine, mycophenolate and tacrolimus are used to prevent acute rejection and maintain long-term survival of the transplanted kidney. Multiple drugs are used in an attempt to lower levels of certain agents and decrease unwanted side effects. Some foods may alter the action and/or effectiveness of these immunosuppressants. Patients are provided detailed instructions on when to take their medications in order to guarantee adequate drug absorption. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice enhance the bioavailability of tacrolimus and cyclosporine. Consequently, patients are advised to avoid these foods while taking these agents.
Answer to Question 2
d