The following results occur on a patient's automated chemistries ...

[darbym82]

The following results occur on a patient's automated chemistries panel: serum sodium 138 mEq/L (normal: 135-145 mEq/L), potassium 5.2 mEq/L (normal: 3.5-5 mEq/L), chloride 102 mEq/L (normal: 98-106 mEq/L), calcium 8.2 mEq/L (normal: 8.7-9.2 mg/dL), phosphate 3.2 mg/dL (normal: 2.5-4.5 mg/dL), albumin 2.9 mg/dL (normal: 3.5-5 mg/dL). If the above patient's pH is normal, which of the following might best explain the reason for the patient's calcium level?
 a. Hypoalbuminemia.
  b. A malignant tumor that has metastatized to the bone.
  c. Hyperparathyroidism .
  d. Use of phosphate binders.

Question 2

Give two examples of each of the following: short-term venous access, long-term venous access.

[C.mcnichol98]

Answer to Question 1

a

Answer to Question 2

Types of short-term venous access include the percutaneous central venous catheter (CVC) and the peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line. Types of long-term venous access include the tunneled catheter (Hickman, Broviac) and implantable ports.

[darbym82]

Gracias!

[Viet Thy]

Excellent