Answer to Question 1
Regardless of the type and level of involvement a person chooses, each person can make a difference. Individual people can do any of the following:
Assist in government and community programs as volunteers.
Help to increase the visibility and accessibility of existing programs and services to those who need them.
Document the needs that exist in their own communities.
Join with others in their community who have similar interests.
Follow current hunger legislation; call and write legislators about hunger issues.
Individuals can also help change the world through the personal choices they make each day. Our choices affect the way the rest of the world's people live and die. People in affluent nations have the freedom and means to choose their lifestyles. We can find ways to reduce our consumption of the world's nonrenewable resources and use only what is absolutely required. As one person put it, The widespread simplification of life is vital to the well-being of the entire human family.. Personal lifestyles do matter, for a society is nothing more than the sum of its individuals. As we go, so goes our world.
Answer to Question 2
Potential Benefits of GE Foods and Crops
Increased nutritional value of staple foods: Genes are being inserted into rice to make it produce beta-carotene, which the body converts into vitamin A. This experimental transgenic golden rice has the potential to reduce vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness and a significant factor in many child deaths.
Reduced environmental impact: Scientists are developing trees with modified cell lignin content. When used to make pulp and paper, the modified wood requires less processing with harsh chemicals.
Increased fish yield: Researchers have modified the gene that governs growth hormones in tilapia, a farmed fish, offering the prospect of increased yield and greater availability of fish protein in local diets.
Increased nutrient absorption by livestock: Animal feed under development will improve animals' absorption of phosphorus. This reduces the phosphorus in animal waste, which pollutes groundwater.
Tolerance of poor environmental conditions: Scientists are working to produce drought-resistant or salt-tolerant transgenic crops, which can then be grown on marginal land.
Potential Risks of GE Foods and Crops
Inadequate controls: Although safety regimes are being improved, control over GE crop releases is not completely effective. In 2000, for example, a maize variety cleared only for animal consumption was found in food products.
Transfer of allergens: Allergens can be transferred inadvertently from an existing to a target organism, and new allergens can be created. For example, when a Brazil-nut gene was transferred to soybean, tests found that a known allergen had also been transferred. However, the danger was detected during testing, and the soybean was not released.
Unpredictability: GE crops may have unforeseen effects on farming systems, for example, by taking more resources from the soil or using more water than normal crops use.
Undesired gene movement: Genes brought into a species artificially may cross accidentally to an unintended species. For example, resistance to herbicide could spread from a GE crop into weeds, which could then become herbicide resistant themselves.
Environmental hazards: GE fish might alter the composition of natural fish populations if they escape into the wild. For example, fish that have been genetically modified to eat more in order to grow faster might invade new territories and displace native fish populations.
An example of sodium balance achieved by the coordinated actions of three hormones.
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