Answer to Question 1
A number of barriers to achieving the nation's health objective for increasing the incidence of breastfeeding have been identified. They include:
Lack of knowledge
An absence of work policies and facilities that support lactating women (for example, extended maternity leave, part-time employment, facilities for pumping breast milk or breastfeeding, and on-site child care)
The portrayal of bottle feeding rather than breastfeeding as the norm in the American society.
Answer to Question 2
The body conserves iron even more than usual during pregnancy. Menstruation ceases, and absorption of iron increases up to threefold. However, the developing fetus draws on its mother's iron stores to create stores of its own to carry it through the first 3 to 6 months of life. This drain on the mother's iron supply can precipitate a deficiency. Furthermore, she will lose blood when she gives birth.
The recommended iron intake during pregnancy is 27 milligrams per dayan increase of 50 percent above standard recommendationsto meet maternal and fetal needs. Because iron deficiency is a common problem among nonpregnant women, many women begin pregnancy with diminished iron stores. For this reason, an iron supplement of 30 milligrams ferrous iron daily during the second and third trimesters is recommended. To facilitate absorption from the supplement, iron should be taken between meals with vitamin C-rich fruit juices or at bedtime.
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