Answer to Question 1
d
Answer to Question 2
Efforts to curb soaring health care costs cover a broad spectrum: slowing hospital construction, modifying hospital and physician reimbursement mechanisms, reducing the length of hospital stays, increasing copayments and deductibles for insured employees and Medicare recipients, changing eligibility requirements for Medicaid, reducing unnecessary surgery by requiring patients to obtain second opinions, restricting access to new technology, encouraging alternative delivery systems, emphasizing prevention, and using generic drugs.