Answer to Question 1
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is primarily spread via fecal-oral transmission, which usually involves the ingestion of foods or beverages that have been contaminated with fecal material. HAV infection usually resolves within a few months and does not cause chronic infection or permanent liver damage. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted by infected blood or needles, by sexual contact with an infected person, and from mother to infant during childbirth. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is spread via infected blood or needles but is not readily spread by sexual contact or childbirth. Hepatitis is treated with supportive care, such as bed rest (if necessary) and an appropriate diet. Hepatitis patients should avoid substances that irritate the liver, such as alcohol, drugs, and dietary supplements that cause liver damage. Hepatitis A infection usually resolves without the use of medications. Antiviral agents may be used to treat HBV and HCV infections; examples include lamivudine and ribavirin, which block viral replication, and interferon alpha, which both inhibits viral replication and enhances immune responses. Nonviral forms of hepatitis may be treated with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant drugs. Hospitalization is not required for hepatitis unless other medical conditions or complications hamper recovery.
Answer to Question 2
C
Colorectal cancer. The most common sites of tumor development are shown.
Common Risk Factors
Common Oral Lesions/Conditions Associated with HIV Infections and Treatment Guidelines
A common mole (nevus) is not a contraindication for massage.
Hepatitis
Genotypes of E. coli Strains F− P678 and HfrH