Answer to Question 1
A
Answer to Question 2
Consumers often assume that because plants are natural, herbal products must be harmless. Many herbal remedies have toxic effects, however. The most common adverse effects of herbs include diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. The popular herbs chaparral, germander, green tea, kava, and pennyroyal have caused liver damage. Contamination of herbal products is another safety concern. Many products have been found to contain lead and other toxic metals in excessive amounts. Other contaminants frequently found in herbal supplements include molds, bacteria, and pesticides that have been banned for use on food crops. Adulteration of imported products is a serious concern; for example, chemical analyses have frequently identified synthetic drugs that were not declared on the label. Illnesses or fatalities sometimes result from the intentional or accidental substitution of one plant species for another. Some herbal products have been found to contain unlisted fillers made from rice, soybean, or wheat that may pose a health risk for persons with allergies to these substances.
Uncommon amino acids
Cyanosis as shown here at the patient’s fingertips results from a lack of oxygen in the tissues
Amino acid conversion to the corresponding a-keto acid by transamination or oxidative deamination
Summary of digestion and absorption in the small intestine
Amino acids and peptide bond formation
Short form of amino acids