Answer to Question 1
Petroleum is often connected to marine sediments. It is likely formed form marine organisms like plankton and bacteria. The organic matter then fell to the bottom to accumulate at deep, calm basins. There would have also have been low oxygen and few bottom scavengers.
Aerobic bacteria turned the original tissues of the organisms into simple forms of insoluble organic molecules. These were then covered with sand. This probably happened with turbidity currents at first and continued with the normal fall of sediments.
Pressure and depth would have cooked the hydrocarbons even more over time.
Geologists use sound to locate patterns of deep sediment layers and reservoirs. They look for signatures that indicate oil being present. Then, the information is applied to drilling operations to extract the oil.
Answer to Question 2
A
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