Explain why the following are incorrect practices while heating a ...

[anjilletteb]

Explain why the following are incorrect practices while heating a macroscale reaction under
  reflux.
  (a) The water to the condenser jacket is not turned on.
  (b) A gentle reflux is used rather than a vigorous reflux.
  (c) The heat is adjusted so that the reflux level is at the very top of the condenser.
  (d) The heat is adjusted so that the solvent in the reaction flask is not boiling.

Question 2

Why should a reaction never be carried out in a closed system?

[kishoreddi]

Answer to Question 1

(a) The solvent vapors will escape from the system instead of condensing and returning to the
reaction mixture.
(b) The temperature of the boiling liquid is the same whether the liquid is boiling gently or
vigorously.
(c)
(d)

Answer to Question 2

Pressure can build up in the system and cause it to explode and possibly injure people.

[anjilletteb]

Great answer, keep it coming

[lkanara2]

Gracias!