Answer to Question 1
b
Answer to Question 2
Hearsay was created to ensure the veracity of testimony, evaluate the truthfulness of a witness, and evaluate the perception and recollection of the event in question. Oaths or affirmations were instituted and the confrontation clause in the Sixth Amendment were established. The value of a witness possessing firsthand information about the facts of the case is invaluable, but secondhand (hearsay) information can be unreliable. Initially the hearsay rule precluded the admissibility of any statements determined to be hearsay, and only allowed for firsthand witness testimony. Exceptions began to be granted if they were reliable on their face and upon gradual recognition that a dismissal of all nonsworn statements did not serve the interest of justice. These exceptions were based on the notion that certain situations and characteristics created an indicia of reliability.
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