Answer to Question 1
The Information Technology (IT) Sector includes the physical and virtual systems and networks that allow all other sectors to coordinate efforts and effectively function both independently and jointly. The IT Sector is, quite literally, the tie that binds all other critical infrastructure sectors together. As such, it may be the most critical of the critical infrastructure sectors as it confronts an evolving set of physical as well as cyber-based threats from terrorists, hackers, social activists, criminals, international organized cartels, and state-supported intelligence services. Some of the most significant threats to the IT Sector stem from sophistical criminal cartels originating in Russia and information warfare practices stemming from China . For instance, in 2013, the Mandiant Corporation identified China's Advanced Persistent Threat 1 (APT 1) as being an entire intelligence effort aimed at attacking the virtual world of governmental and private-sector critical infrastructure (e.g., defense agencies and contractors, banks, transportation entities, IT corporations). APT 1 represents a current and significant threat to the critical infrastructure of the United States. Examples will vary.
Answer to Question 2
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Some biologically important hydrogen bonds
The information coded in DNA
Hydrolysis reactions for some biochemically important phosphate compounds (part 2)
Efficient Allocation of Labor between Sectors
Overallocation of Labor to Sector 1
ATP, an important energy currency in cells