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There are major differences in the metabolism of morphine and the illegal drug heroin. Morphine mostly produces its CNS effects through m-receptors, and at k- and d-receptors. Heroin has a slight affinity for opiate receptors. Most of its actions are due to metabolism to active metabolites (6-acetylmorphine, morphine, and morphine-6-glucuronide).

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An identified risk factor for osteoporosis is the intake of excessive amounts of vitamin A. Dietary intake of approximately double the recommended daily amount of vitamin A, by women, has been shown to reduce bone mineral density and increase the chances for hip fractures compared with women who consumed the recommended daily amount (or less) of vitamin A.

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Essential fatty acids have been shown to be effective against ulcers, asthma, dental cavities, and skin disorders such as acne.

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Increased intake of vitamin D has been shown to reduce fractures up to 25% in older people.

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Cytomegalovirus affects nearly the same amount of newborns every year as Down syndrome.

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