Answer to Question 1
Answer: Repeated drug administration can result in reduced drug action (tolerance) or enhanced drug action (sensitization). Tolerance may represent increased drug clearance or reduced action at receptor sites. Drug sensitization is less common than is drug tolerance, and a single drug may show tolerance/sensitization for different effects.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Answers will vary depending on choice. A benefit of intravenous injection is how rapidly the drug will be absorbed, whereas a drawback is that more skill is required to administer. Intraperitoneal injection is less rapid, often only used with laboratory animals. Oral administration can be limited if the drug can be destroyed by digestive processes.
Sublingual drug administration
Intradermal drug administration: (b) the administration site is prepped Source: Pearson Education/PH
Enhancement of Contrast
Therapeutic index: (a) Drug X has a therapeutic index of 4. (b) Drug Z has a therapeutic index of 2.
The early development of the mammalian brain illustrated in schematic horizontal sections. Compare ...
Dose-response relationship. As the dose of a drug increases, a maximal response or plateau is ...