Question 1
A religious person who has taken a vow of celibacy would not necessarily agree that physiological needs must be satisfied before self-actualization needs are addressed. What does this example say about Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
◦ Psychogenic needs overwhelm biogenic needs.
◦ The theory is accurate for higher needs, but doesn't seem to account well for more basic needs.
◦ The theory is wrong.
◦ The hierarchy is often culture-bound.
Question 2
Why are approach-approach conflicts likely to create more cognitive dissonance than approach-avoidance conflicts?
◦ Approach-approach conflicts result when both alternatives are positive. The selection of one requires the rejection of another, which creates a need for a cognitive explanation of why one positive choice was not selected.
◦ Approach-avoidance conflicts create inertia, thus past habits are employed without the need to resolve the cognitive inconsistencies.
◦ Approach-approach conflicts are very confusing to resolve intellectually, but approach-avoidance conflicts are typically simply resolved through behavioral aspects of reinforcement learning.
◦ Approach-avoidance conflicts result when the positive alternative simply overwhelms the negative, thus no cognitive dissonance exists under the condition.
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Scissoring motion to create movement between the metacarpals of the hand.
Rocking the leg to create rotation in the hip joint.
Slap the foot bottom with the back of the hand. Rapid, light slaps create a stimulating sensation.
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