Question 1
A religious person who has taken a vow of celibacy would not necessarily agree that physiological needs must be satisfied before self-actualization needs are addressed. What does this example say about Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
◦ Psychogenic needs overwhelm biogenic needs.
◦ The theory is accurate for higher needs, but doesn't seem to account well for more basic needs.
◦ The theory is wrong.
◦ The hierarchy is often culture-bound.
Question 2
Why are approach-approach conflicts likely to create more cognitive dissonance than approach-avoidance conflicts?
◦ Approach-approach conflicts result when both alternatives are positive. The selection of one requires the rejection of another, which creates a need for a cognitive explanation of why one positive choice was not selected.
◦ Approach-avoidance conflicts create inertia, thus past habits are employed without the need to resolve the cognitive inconsistencies.
◦ Approach-approach conflicts are very confusing to resolve intellectually, but approach-avoidance conflicts are typically simply resolved through behavioral aspects of reinforcement learning.
◦ Approach-avoidance conflicts result when the positive alternative simply overwhelms the negative, thus no cognitive dissonance exists under the condition.
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