After reading the paragraph below, answer the questions that follow.
Scientists were interested in studying differences in the frequency of foraging behaviors demonstrated in two species of flycatchers (birds) in California. They were specifically interested in determining if the overall distribution of foraging behaviors was associated with the stage of the breeding cycle of the two species. Here are some of the data collected:
The number of foraging behaviors observed by stage of the breeding cycle for Hammond's and Western flycatchers in northwestern California
| | | Stage of Breeding Cycle |
| Bird Species | Foraging Behavior | Pre-incubation | Incubation | Brooding | Post-Brooding |
| Hammond's Flycatcher | Flycatch | 10 | 45 | 47 | 20 |
| | Hover-glean | 32 | 93 | 90 | 87 |
| | Glean | 0 | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Western Flycatcher | Flycatch | 17 | 38 | 80 | 53 |
| | Hover-glean | 121 | 213 | 210 | 234 |
| | Glean | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
Source: Noon, B. R., and Sakai, H. F. (1990). Variation in the foraging behaviors of two flycatchers: associations with stage of the breeding cycle.
Studies in Avian Biology, 13: 237-44.
What is
true about the conclusion that all foraging behaviors continually increased from the pre-incubation breeding stage to the post-brooding?
◦ This occurred for both species of flycatchers.
◦ This occurred for Hammond's flycatchers but not for Western flycatchers.
◦ This occurred for only the glean foraging behavior of Hammond's flycatchers.
◦ This occurred for only the hover-glean foraging behavior in Western flycatchers.
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