Current research into neurotransmitter systems has produced the permissive hypothesis, which means that
a. low levels of serotonin are sufficient to explain the etiology of mood disorders.
b. the norepinephrine system regulates serotonin levels; if norepinephrine is low, depression will occur.
c. when serotonin levels are low, other neurotransmitter systems become dysregulated and contribute to mood irregularities.
d. the absolute levels of neurotransmitters are more significant in mood regulation than the overall balance of the various neurotransmitters.
Question 2
In terms of the etiology of mood disorders, research has shown that
a. environmental stress plays a larger role in causing depression in men than in women.
b. genetic factors are more important in the development of depression in men in comparison to the development of depression in women.
c. genetic and environmental factors are equally contributory to mood disorders.
d. there are no sex differences in vulnerability to depression.
Representative nervous systems throughout the animal kingdom.
The clonal selection hypothesis
The trophic cascade hypothesis.
liver and biliary systems
Primary aging means changes in hair color and skin texture for almost everyone.
Commonly Used Equivalents for the Apothecary and Metric Systems