According to the theory of incorporation
◦ state appellate courts should defer to prison policies when ruling on inmate complaints.
◦ state trial courts must incorporate into their own decision any relevant federal court ruling.
◦ all provisions of the Bill of Rights are made applicable to the states through the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.
◦ prison officials must consolidate all rules and regulations into an inmate handbook in order for those rules and regulations to be constitutional.