Answer to Question 1
The transactional stress and coping model explains how children's adaptation to chronic illness is influenced not only by the nature of the illness itself, but also by personal and family resources (Gustafson et al., 2006; Thompson et al., 1994). This model helps make sense of the complicated processes that shape children's outcomes. The transactional stress and coping model emphasizes the stressful nature of chronic illness, which compels the child and family members to adapt. How they accomplish the adaptation is a key factor in children's outcomes.
Answer to Question 2
When maternal abilities remain intact, child and family functioning is less impaired. This illustrates the reciprocal relationship between children's adjustment and parental stress and distresshealthy parental adjustment is related to healthy child adjustment, and vice versa. (Most research has considered only the role of mothers on child adjustment, but the specific influence of fathers on children's coping and adaptation to chronic illness is being recognized Ware & Raval, 2007.) Thus, parental adjustment is one of the important correlates of children's adjustment to chronic illness.
Transactional model of cancer
Proposed relationships between living and fossil platyrrhines and catarrhines.
Play in Four Cultures Across cultures, play is the most common activity in early childhood. Source:
The Biopsychosocial Model
Chronic disease is caused by a mixture of genetic and environmental influences
Demographic transition model for changes in population growth rates and sizes, correlated with long-