Question 1
How is the development of autoimmunity normally prevented?
◦ T lymphocytes that respond to autoantigens in the thymus undergo clonal deletion.
◦ Clonal deletion of T cells and regulatory T cell suppression prevent autoreactive T cell activation.
◦ T lymphocytes require a specific set of cytokine signals to become activated.
◦ Clonal deletion of T cells, lack of necessary cytokine signals, and regulatory T cell suppression prevent activation of autoreactive T cells.
◦ Regulatory T cells suppress autoimmune responses.
Question 2
Which of the following is the result when a CTL interacts with a virally infected cell?
◦ The cell releases interferon-gamma (INF-γ).
◦ The CTL produces IL-12.
◦ The CTL produces oxidizing chemicals.
◦ The cell undergoes apoptosis.
◦ The cell produces MHC II with epitope attached.
animal cell
Human Cell
Structures of a typical cell.
When the exhaust is lean, the PCM applies a positive current into the pump cell.
In F- F+ mating, demonstrating how the recipient F- cell is converted to F+
The eukaryotic cell cycle.