Answer to Question 1
For young children, an expectable environment requires protective and nurturing adults, as well as opportunities for socialization within a culture. For older children, an expectable environment includes a supportive family, contact with peers, and ample opportunities to explore and master their environment (Cicchetti & Valentino, 2006). Moreover, responsible parenting involves a gradual shifting of control from the parent to the child and the community.
Answer to Question 2
Adequate knowledge of child development and expectations, including knowledge of children's normal adequate skill in coping with the stress related to caring for small children, and knowledge of ways to enhance child development through proper stimulation and attention; opportunities to develop normal parentchild attachment and early patterns of communication; adequate parental knowledge of home management, including basic financial planning, proper shelter, and meal planning; opportunities and willingness to share the duties of child care between two parents, when applicable; and provision of necessary social and health services.
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