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Cancer has been around as long as humankind, but only in the second half of the twentieth century did the number of cancer cases explode.
In most cases, kidneys can recover from almost complete loss of function, such as in acute kidney (renal) failure.
The training of an anesthesiologist typically requires four years of college, 4 years of medical school, 1 year of internship, and 3 years of residency.
For about 100 years, scientists thought that peptic ulcers were caused by stress, spicy food, and alcohol. Later, researchers added stomach acid to the list of causes and began treating ulcers with antacids. Now it is known that peptic ulcers are predominantly caused by Helicobacter pylori, a spiral-shaped bacterium that normally exist in the stomach.
By definition, when a medication is administered intravenously, its bioavailability is 100%.