Answer to Question 1
When assessing children directly, child clinical psychologists are sensitive to different signs that may indicate depression at different ages: unresponsiveness to caregivers in infancy; sad expressions and social withdrawal in preschoolers; somatic complaints in young school-aged children; more direct admission of sad feelings or marked irritability in older school-aged children or early adolescents; and full-blown depression, including suicide risk, among adolescents. Depression in children also differs from depression in adolescents in its lower prevalence, equal frequency among boys and girls, stronger relation with family dysfunction, and less persistent course.
Answer to Question 2
For many years, researchers believed that psychostimulant drugs had a paradoxical effect of slowing down overactive children. Researchers at NMIH found that the psychostimulants affected normal children in the same way as ADHD children. The medication improved attention and decreased motor activity in both children and adults. There is no paradoxical effect of psychostimulants on children with ADHD.
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