Answer to Question 1
The effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model (Siegrist, 1996) proposes that high-cost low-gain work efforts are stressful. When we give a lot to our work we expect reciprocity in the way of high reward. The reward may be in the form of money, status, or esteem. However, when we experience an imbalance in reciprocity, where high work effort is met with low reward, we experience distress. This loss of control threatens our sense of mastery and self-efficacy over our occupational role status resulting in further stress such as fear of being laid off or being passed over for promotion.
Answer to Question 2
Secondary prevention involves teaching stress management skills. This educational approach is usually multimodal and includes training in relaxation, time management, assertiveness, lifestyle management, or any one of a host of traditional stress management skills.
heart model front
Eye Model
Lung Model
Model of a Multi-Storied Tower.
James Watson and Francis Crick’s metal-and wire model of DNA
A polygenic model for a threshold trait