Answer to Question 1
This midbrain area is unique in that it contains three of the brain's four major dopaminergic tracts. Its use of dopamine as a neurotransmitter contrasts with the more typical central nervous system use of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Dopamine in the brain is important for regulating motor movement. Also, dopamine is noteworthy because it is one of the feel good neurotransmitters of the brain that can elevate mood states and combat the effects of stress.
Answer to Question 2
The medulla of the brain stem contains vital life support centers that control autonomic processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and digestion. This was the area of the brain responsible for increasing your heart rate, stroke volume, and blood pressure after you heard a bang at your window and perceived it as a potential threat.
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