Answer to Question 1
The self-focus model of depression suggests that people often become depressed
because they ruminate about how their behavior fails to measure up to their standards.
In a self-perpetuating feedback loop, this depressive mood and negative self-evaluation
is heightened by the self-focus that a stressful event brings. This leads to an increase in
depressive mood and negative self-evaluation, which then leads to the further
heightening of self-focus, and so on. A healthy alternative is to become engaged in
activities that remove attention from the self.
Answer to Question 2
Learned helplessness results from the tendency to make global, stable, internal
attributions for the negative events in one's life. This attribution pattern characterizes
the depressive explanatory style, and is associated with depression and decreased
physical health. For example, one study showed that people with depressive
explanatory styles exhibited a weaker immune response, though admittedly these data
are only correlation. In contrast, individuals who make specific, unstable, and external
attributions for negative life events tend to be healthier and recover from surgery more
quickly.
The effects of epinephrine in humans
Inverse Relation Between IQ and Disease. Could this explain the Flynn effect?
Physiological Stress Response (cont.)
Negative feedback control of a regulated variable.
(A) In hyperopia, light rays focus behind the retina, making it difficult to focus on objects at ...
Several parts of the brain are involved in the interpretation of stress and responses on the part of