Answer to Question 1
Sensitivity training is an OD technique that consists of intense counseling in which group members, aided by a facilitator, learn how others perceive them and may learn how to deal more sensitively with others. The personalities of individuals differ and these differences lead individuals to interpret and react to other people and events in a variety of ways. Even though personality cannot be changed significantly in the short run, people can be helped to understand that their own perceptions of a situation are not necessarily the correct or the only possible ones. This is achieved through sensitivity training. During sensitivity training, organizational members who are perceived as having problems in dealing with others meet in a group with a trained facilitator to learn more about how they and the other group members view the world. Group members are encouraged to be forthright about how they view themselves and other group members, and through discussion they learn the degree to which others perceive them in similar or different ways. Through examining the source of differences in perception, members of the group may reach a better understanding of the way others perceive them and may learn how to deal more sensitively with others.
Answer to Question 2
Organizational development (OD) is a series of techniques and methods that managers can use in their action research program to increase the adaptability of their organization. In the words of organizational theorist Warren Bennis, OD refers to a complex educational strategy intended to change beliefs, attitudes, values, and structure of organizations so that they can better adapt to new technologies, markets, and challenges and the dizzying rate of change itself. The goal of OD is to improve organizational effectiveness and to help people in organizations reach their potential and realize their goals and objectives.
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RESEARCH TECHNIQUE