Answer to Question 1
B
Therapeutic communication is goal-directed and is centered on the client's needs or problems, not those of the nurse. The goals of therapeutic communication are to obtain or provide information, to develop trust, to show caring, and to explore feelings.
Answer to Question 2
B
Among Nightingale's major contributions to nursing as it is practiced today are using a systematic method of client assessment, individualizing care on the basis of client needs and preferences, advocating confidentiality in client care, seeing nurses as client advocates, using a holistic framework for nursing and nursing education, identifying the necessity of a liberal education as the foundation of nursing practice, and pointing out the importance of the environment to the healing process.