Answer to Question 1
Trauma is psychological stress. It typically results from exposure to a disaster or emergency that is so shocking it impairs a person's sense of security or well-being. Trauma left untreated can manifest itself as post-traumatic stress disorder.
Answer to Question 2
Most of these risk reduction strategies grow out of the philosophy of Crime Reduction Through Environmental Design, or CRTED. CRTED has the following four major elements, to which the author has added a fifth (administrative controls).
Natural surveillance
Control of access
Establishment of territoriality
Activity support
Administrative controls
A theoretical photosynthetic response curve.
cell signaling cytoplasmic response
Locations and Response Characteristics of Photoreceptors
EMERGENCY TRAUMA ASSESSMENT MADE EASY
Physiological Stress Response (cont.)
The response of the lac operon in the absence of lactose