Answer to Question 1
Trauma is psychological stress. It typically results from exposure to a disaster or emergency that is so shocking it impairs a person's sense of security or well-being. Trauma left untreated can manifest itself as post-traumatic stress disorder.
Answer to Question 2
Most of these risk reduction strategies grow out of the philosophy of Crime Reduction Through Environmental Design, or CRTED. CRTED has the following four major elements, to which the author has added a fifth (administrative controls).
Natural surveillance
Control of access
Establishment of territoriality
Activity support
Administrative controls
Allergic response by allergens.
What are examples of ideal forms?
Dose–response relationship.
Selected Biological Response Modifiers
Variations in patient response to drugs
An example of a cell-mediated immune response targeting virus-infected cells.