Answer to Question 1
Trauma is psychological stress. It typically results from exposure to a disaster or emergency that is so shocking it impairs a person's sense of security or well-being. Trauma left untreated can manifest itself as post-traumatic stress disorder.
Answer to Question 2
Most of these risk reduction strategies grow out of the philosophy of Crime Reduction Through Environmental Design, or CRTED. CRTED has the following four major elements, to which the author has added a fifth (administrative controls).
Natural surveillance
Control of access
Establishment of territoriality
Activity support
Administrative controls
Three ways that factors affect mortality in response to changes in population density.
The humoral and cellular immune response. At the left is the humoral (or B-cell mediated); at the ...
The Stress Response
Steiner taste response experiments on three newborns
The Body's Response to Blood Loss
Immune-to-brain signaling occurs in response to infection, injury, and inflammation that occur in pe