Answer to Question 1
Trauma is psychological stress. It typically results from exposure to a disaster or emergency that is so shocking it impairs a person's sense of security or well-being. Trauma left untreated can manifest itself as post-traumatic stress disorder.
Answer to Question 2
Most of these risk reduction strategies grow out of the philosophy of Crime Reduction Through Environmental Design, or CRTED. CRTED has the following four major elements, to which the author has added a fifth (administrative controls).
Natural surveillance
Control of access
Establishment of territoriality
Activity support
Administrative controls
Phloem wound response.
Synaptic response of photoreceptors to dark and light.
Intervention Model-Response to Client Misconduct
The Body's Response to Blood Loss
The CRISPR/Cas system mediates an adaptive immune response in prokaryotes
Penetrating Trauma to the Heart (Nail) as Seen on Lateral Chest X-Ray