Answer to Question 1
The shortometer is an instrument that measures the force (breaking strength) required to break small wafers of plain pastry, crackers, or cookies. A greater amount of force is required to break a less tender product. It is advisable to do a large number of samples due to the variation of product.
Answer to Question 2
So many variations of pastries exist that there is no standard way to describe them. However, baked pastry is characteristically flakey, tender, crisp, and lightly browned.
Color enhanced X ray of large malignant tumor in the right lung.
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Number of lower molar cusps is one of the features used to distinguish sundadonts from sinodonts.
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