Answer to Question 1
Higher protein needs; CRRT can remove amino acids and proteins, so a minimum protein intake of 1.5 g/kg/day is recommended (up to 2.0 g/kg/day if hypercatabolic).
There does not need to be a fluid restriction with CRRT as it removes 1-2 L per day; with no dialysis, it is urine output plus 500 mL (very minimal to avoid fluid accumulation).
Vitamin replacement may be necessary because of the loss of water-soluble vitamins with CRRT.
If the patient was not receiving any dialysis, he would not tolerate fluid or protein as these would contribute to the major complications of AKI.
Answer to Question 2
Increased blood pressure requires the heart to work harder; potentially leading to left ventricular hypertrophy and eventually heart failure
Elevated BP damage the blood vessel walls promoting atherosclerotic plaques
Elevated BP can dislodge blood clots and atherosclerotic plaques, which can block smaller arterioles or capillaries and result in an ischemic attack
May damage the small arterioles of the kidneys needed for proper blood filtration and urine excretion
Sharing patient information with colleagues is an important nursing role
Caring for a patient on isolation precautions
Patient teaching: lung assessment
Animal carcasses like this South African wildebeest provide important nutrition for both hunters and
An example of nutrition labeling on a box of cereal.
Gingival enlargement in a patient taking phenytoin.