Answer to Question 1
Cognitive development in early childhood is influenced by a host of factors including: (1) family income, (2) educational level of the parents, (3) family size, (4) parental mental health, and (5) presence or absence of stressful family events, such as divorce or illness. Parents who use scaffolding (providing support structures to assist the child's learning that are removed as the child becomes more capable) enhance cognitive development. Early education programs, such as Head Start, can significantly enhance the cognitive development of economically disadvantaged children.
Answer to Question 2
B