Esophagogastric varices are the result of a. portal ...

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Esophagogastric varices are the result of
 
  a. portal hypertension resulting in diversion of blood from a high-pressure area to a low-pressure area.
  b. superficial mucosal erosions as a result of increased stress levels.
  c. proulcer forces breaking down the mucosal resistance.
  d. inflammation and ulceration secondary to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use.

Question 2

Which medication may be administered with a bronchodilator because it can cause bronchospasms?
 
  a. b2-Agonists
  b. Mucloytics
  c. Anticholinergic agents
  d. Xanthines

[billybob123]

Answer to Question 1

A
Esophagogastric varices are engorged and distended blood vessels of the esophagus and proximal stomach that develop as a result of portal hypertension secondary to hepatic cirrhosis, a chronic disease of the liver that results in damage to the liver sinusoids. Without adequate sinusoid function, resistance to portal blood flow is increased, and pressures within the liver are elevated. This leads to a rise in portal venous pressure (portal hypertension), causing collateral circulation to divert portal blood from areas of high pressure within the liver to adjacent areas of low pressure outside the liver, such as into the veins of the esophagus, spleen, intestines, and stomach.

Answer to Question 2

B
Mucolytics may be administered with a bronchodilator because it can cause bronchospasms and inhibit ciliary function. Treatment is considered effective when bronchorrhea develops and coughing occurs. b2-Agonists are used to relax bronchial smooth muscle and dilate airways to prevent bronchospasms. Anticholinergic agents are used to block the constriction of bronchial smooth muscle and reduce mucus production. Xanthines are used to dilate bronchial smooth muscle and reverse diaphragmatic muscle fatigue.

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TYSM

[adammoses97]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it