Author Question: Sociologists agree that cultural universals are always functional. a. True b. False Indicate ... (Read 93 times)

chads108 · **on:** Jul 2, 2018

Sociologists agree that cultural universals are always functional.

a. True
b. False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false

Question 2

Explain the two types of societies described by Tnnies according to their degree of social solidarity and social control.

What will be an ideal response?

memslove · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 2, 2018

Answer to Question 1

False

Answer to Question 2

Tnnies used the terms Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft to characterize the degree of

social solidarity and social control found in societies. The Gemeinschaft is a traditional

society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and

kinship and on intergenerational stability. Relationships are based on ascribed rather

than achieved status. In such societies, people have a commitment to the entire group

and feel a sense of togetherness. Social solidarity and social control are maintained by

the community. By contrast, Gesellschaft is a large, urban society in which social

bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term

commitment to the group or consensus on values. In such societies, self-interest

dominates, and little consensus exists regarding values. Relationships are based on

achieved statuses, and interactions among people are both rational and calculated.