Answer to Question 1
False
Answer to Question 2
Tnnies used the terms Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft to characterize the degree of
social solidarity and social control found in societies. The Gemeinschaft is a traditional
society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and
kinship and on intergenerational stability. Relationships are based on ascribed rather
than achieved status. In such societies, people have a commitment to the entire group
and feel a sense of togetherness. Social solidarity and social control are maintained by
the community. By contrast, Gesellschaft is a large, urban society in which social
bonds are based on impersonal and specialized relationships, with little long-term
commitment to the group or consensus on values. In such societies, self-interest
dominates, and little consensus exists regarding values. Relationships are based on
achieved statuses, and interactions among people are both rational and calculated.