Answer to Question 1
Answer: Supervisors should conduct a job analysis to establish criteria and standards for successful performance and incorporate these criteria and standards into a rating system. It is important to communicate performance standards to employees and supervisors in writing and avoid abstract trait names when using graphic rating scales. Steps to ensure the appraisal are legally defensible are these:
Base the performance appraisal criteria on a job analysis. At the start of the period, communicate performance standards to employee in writing. Using a single overall rating of performance is not acceptable to the courts. Include an employee appeals process. One appraiser should never have absolute authority to determine a person's actions. Document all information bearing on a personnel decision in writing. Also train supervisors. If formal rater training is not possible, at least prove rates with written instruction on how to use the rating scale.
Answer to Question 2
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International Performance in Reading, Math, and Science, Eight Grade
Performance Tasks on the Wechsler Tests
Mirror recognition and self-naming develop at almost exactly the same time
Write an essay in the perspective of a parent
Days 24–25 Pharyngeal arches develop. They will contribute to the face, neck, larynx, and pharynx.