Answer to Question 1
Offer choices (books, genres, topics for writing, projects). Organize small groups
(literature circles, guided reading, writing groups, projects). Use all 6 language arts (thematic units, literature focus units). Preteach and reteach (introducing lessons, building background knowledge, introducing vocabulary, reviewing after learning). Incorporate projects (in thematic units, literature focus units and literature circles).
Answer to Question 2
Definition: Standardized tests based on state-designed lists of grade level standards or competencies, administered in the spring of grades 3-8. Strategies: Teach test-taking strategies; design similar practice tests; use easy to read materials; use both narrative and expository passages; take regularly scheduled practice tests; begin untimed and move to timed practice tests; simulate actual testing conditions for practice tests; graph results to show students progress.
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