Answer to Question 1
1) Evaluation: this is a form of judgment that can be either positive or negative. It is a method of viewing a situation according to our past experience and which may prevent a person from understanding another person's situation.
2) Probing: this is an attempt to elicit more information. It comes from our past experience rather than the other person's point of view.
3) Advising/Telling: this involves prescribing a course of action. Advice usually comes from our previous experiences and biases, which means it may be completely wrong for the other person.
4) Interpreting: this involves explaining the behavior of another person in terms of our motives. This might have the effect of making other individuals feel they are not responsible for their actions. They may also feel manipulated and/or insulted.
Answer to Question 2
The tendency for people to develop romantic relationships with those who are similar to themselves in physical attractiveness.