Answer to Question 1
a. replication provides additional support for theory
b. replication can help us avoid persistent Type I and Type II errors
c. replication helps us increase our confidence in the construct validity of concepts we study
d. replication can help protect against acceptance of fraudulent research
Answer to Question 2
Your sample doesn't need to include a large proportion of a population for the sample to be representative of the population if the sample is randomly drawn (i.e, probabilistic). You may not want a census because, if the population is large, there would simply be too many people to contact in a reasonable amount of time.
DNA replication according to the AT/GC rule
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Replication of human immunodeficiency virus
Multiple origins of replication on a single chromosome from Drosophila melanogaster