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In 1844, Charles Goodyear obtained the first patent for a rubber condom.
Cocaine was isolated in 1860 and first used as a local anesthetic in 1884. Its first clinical use was by Sigmund Freud to wean a patient from morphine addiction. The fictional character Sherlock Holmes was supposed to be addicted to cocaine by injection.
There can actually be a 25-hour time difference between certain locations in the world. The International Date Line passes between the islands of Samoa and American Samoa. It is not a straight line, but "zig-zags" around various island chains. Therefore, Samoa and nearby islands have one date, while American Samoa and nearby islands are one day behind. Daylight saving time is used in some islands, but not in others—further shifting the hours out of sync with natural time.
In 1835 it was discovered that a disease of silkworms known as muscardine could be transferred from one silkworm to another, and was caused by a fungus.
Intradermal injections are somewhat difficult to correctly administer because the skin layers are so thin that it is easy to accidentally punch through to the deeper subcutaneous layer.
![Transdermal patch administration: (b) patch immediately applied to clean, dry, hairless skin and lab](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_46687_08_12_14_4_57_16_195191629.jpeg)
![Pathophysiology of celiac disease. In susceptible individuals, gluten-containing foods are digested, ...](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/31/medium_398119_12_07_17_5_39_28_3165257.jpeg)