The major indication for intraspinal and intraventricular administration of opioids is:
1. pain that cannot be controlled by less invasive routes.
2. patients who have thrombocytopenia and bone marrow toxicity.
3. when cost is a major consideration.
4. pain that is somatic in nature in patients who are allergic to opioids.
Question 2
A nurse cares for a cancer patient who has been on large doses of opioids for several months. When the patient is hospitalized and placed on PCA morphine, the nurse is concerned about the risk of respiratory depression.
The first nursing action in this scenario would be to:
1. administer naloxone.
2. obtain a blood gas measurement.
3. measure oxygen saturation.
4. assess level of sedation.
Major causes of hospitalization
Internal view of the heart illustrating the heart chambers, heart layers, and major blood vessels as
Conduction of pain impulses.
Neural pathways for pain
Major Wind Systems: Katabatic Winds
Different routes of parenteral drug administration.