The major indication for intraspinal and intraventricular administration of opioids is:
1. pain that cannot be controlled by less invasive routes.
2. patients who have thrombocytopenia and bone marrow toxicity.
3. when cost is a major consideration.
4. pain that is somatic in nature in patients who are allergic to opioids.
Question 2
A nurse cares for a cancer patient who has been on large doses of opioids for several months. When the patient is hospitalized and placed on PCA morphine, the nurse is concerned about the risk of respiratory depression.
The first nursing action in this scenario would be to:
1. administer naloxone.
2. obtain a blood gas measurement.
3. measure oxygen saturation.
4. assess level of sedation.
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The major cortical input and output pathways of the posterior parietal association cortex. Shown are ...