The increase in plasma volume during pregnancy may appear to ...

[piesebel]

The increase in plasma volume during pregnancy may appear to cause
 
  a. lower plasma levels of sodium.
  b. higher plasma levels of sodium.
  c. lower blood levels of hemoglobin.
  d. higher blood levels of hemoglobin.

Question 2

A client has recently suffered a cerebrovascular accident (CVA, stroke). After providing discharge teaching to the client, which caregiver statement best indicates understanding of discharge teaching for strategies to dealing with dysphagia?
 
  1. It is necessary to maintain a 90-degree position for at least one hour after meals..
   2. I should encourage liquids as often as possible..
   3. Foods like Jell-o and pasta will be easy to swallow..
   4. I should have the client sit at a 45 angle during all oral (PO) intake.

[6ana001]

Answer to Question 1

C
Increased plasma volume causes hemodilution so that blood levels of hemoglobin are lower. The body maintains constant plasma sodium levels.

Answer to Question 2

1

Rationale: Aspiration is the most profound and dangerous problem for older adults experiencing dysphagia. Maintaining a 90-degree position after meals will help avoid aspiration. Liquids are usually the most difficult to swallow for person with dysphagia. Slippery foods are often difficult to control and either triggers reflexive swallow too quickly or run out of oral cavity before the swallow. The client should sit at 90 degrees during all oral (PO) intake.