Answer to Question 1
The three key characteristics of common law are: judge-made law, precedent, and multiple sources of law. Until the late 19th century, no important body of statutory law existed in either England or the United States. Rather, judges organized social relationships through law. Although legislation bodies, not the courts, now define crimes, contemporary statutory definitions often reflect their common law heritage. The doctrine of precedent requires a judge to decide a case by applying the rule of law found in previous cases, provided the facts in the current case are similar to the facts in the previous cases. By following previous court decisions, the legal system promotes the twin goals of fairness and consistency. Multiple sources of law means that it is not sufficient to look only at the legislative act when defining a crime. It is also necessary to know how the courts have interpreted the statute. Depending on the issue, the applicable rules of law may be found in constitutions, statutes, state administrative regulations, or court decisions.
Answer to Question 2
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